I-Brackish vs. izixhobo ze-osmosis zamanzi olwandle

Xa kuziwa kubuchwephesha bokucoca amanzi, umva izityalo ze-osmosis Ibonakala njengenye yezisombululo ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokuvelisa amanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iinkqubo ze-reverse osmosis ezidalwe ngokulinganayo. Umahluko phakathi kwezixhobo ze-brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) kunye ne-seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) kubalulekile kumashishini nakoomasipala abafuna izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokucoca amanzi. Eli nqaku lijonga umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zobuchwepheshe be-reverse osmosis, lihlola iimpawu zazo ezizodwa, usetyenziso, kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuze zisetyenziswe. I-Reverse osmosis (RO) yinkqubo yokucoca amanzi esebenzisa isixhobo esingenamanzi amaninzi. inwebu ukususa ii-ion, iimolekyuli, kunye namasuntswana amakhulu emanzini okusela. Nangona zombini iinkqubo ze-BWRO kunye ne-SWRO zisebenzisa lo mgaqo usisiseko, zenzelwe ukujongana neempawu ezahlukeneyo zamanzi okutya kunye namanqanaba etyuwa. Izityalo ze-BWRO zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi anetyuwa ngee-total dissolved solids (TDS) eziqala kwi-1,000 ukuya kwi-10,000 mg/L, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-SWRO zenzelwe ukususa ityuwa emanzini olwandle ngamanqanaba e-TDS angama-35,000 mg/L nangaphezulu. Lo mahluko kumgangatho wamanzi okutya ukhokelela kumahluko amakhulu kuyilo lwenkqubo, iimfuno zoxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi.

Iimfuno zoxinzelelo: i-BWRO vs. SWRO Systems

Omnye wowona mahluko uphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwamanzi anebrackish kunye nolwandle ukubuyisela umva iinkqubo ze-osmosis ixhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo zoxinzelelo. Lo mahluko uvela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo oxinzelelo lwe-osmotic ekufuneka yoyiswe ukufezekisa ukwahlula okusebenzayo kweemolekyuli zamanzi ukusuka kwizinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo.

Iimfuno zoxinzelelo lwe-BWRO

Izityalo ze-osmosis zamanzi e-brackish zihlala zisebenza kuxinzelelo oluphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amanzi olwandle. Iimfuno zoxinzelelo kwiinkqubo ze-BWRO ngokubanzi zivela kwi-15 ukuya kwi-25 bar (220 ukuya kwi-360 psi). Le mfuneko yoxinzelelo isezantsi kungenxa yokuncipha koxinzelelo lweosmotic lwamanzi amtyuba, aqulethe izinto eziqinileyo ezimbalwa ezinyityilisiweyo kunamanzi olwandle. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo ze-BWRO zinokufezekisa ukucocwa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kunye negalelo elincinci lamandla, okwenza ukuba zibe neendleko ezisebenzayo zokunyanga imithombo yamanzi anetyuwa ephakathi.

Iimfuno zoxinzelelo lwe-SWRO

Iinkqubo zamanzi olwandle ezibuyisela umva i-osmosis, kwelinye icala, kufuneka zilwe noxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lweosmotic ngenxa yetyuwa ephakamileyo yamanzi olwandle. Izityalo ze-SWRO ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kuxinzelelo olusuka kwi-55 ukuya kwi-80 bar (800 ukuya kwi-1,160 psi). Oku kwanda kakhulu koxinzelelo kuyimfuneko ukoyisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-osmotic lwamanzi olwandle kunye nokunyanzela iimolekyuli zamanzi nge-membrane ye-semipermeable ngelixa ugcina iityuwa ezinyibilikileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Iimfuno zoxinzelelo eziphezulu zeenkqubo ze-SWRO ziguqulela ekusetyenzisweni kombane okwandisiweyo kunye noyilo lwezixhobo ezomeleleyo ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza.

Iiyantlukwano zokuSetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-Desalination Technologies

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezityalo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni iindleko zabo zokusebenza kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Umahluko kwiimfuno zamandla phakathi kwe-BWRO kunye ne-SWRO iinkqubo zibalulekile kwaye zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba nokwenzeka kwazo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

I-BWRO yokuSebenza kwamandla

Izityalo ze-osmosis zamanzi ebrackish zidla ngokuqhayisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-SWRO. Imfuneko yamandla e-BWRO ngokwesiqhelo isuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-2.5 kWh/m³ yamanzi avelisiweyo, ngokuxhomekeke kubulunga bamanzi esondlo kunye noyilo lwesixokelelwano. Le mfuno iphantsi yamandla yenza BWRO izityalo inketho enomtsalane kwimimandla engaphakathi elizweni enofikelelo kwimithombo yamanzi abrackish, njengamanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi angaphezulu anetyuwa kancinane. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncitshisiweyo kuguqulela kwiindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye nekhabhoni encinci, okwenza i-BWRO ibe yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha ukucocwa kwamanzi kwiimeko ezininzi.

Iimfuno zamandla e-SWRO

Amanzi olwandle abuyisela umva inkqubo ye-osmosis, ngenxa yeemfuno zabo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zamanzi ezicela umngeni ngakumbi, asebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngakumbi kunezityalo ze-BWRO. Usetyenziso lwamandla e-SWRO luqheleke ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-5 kWh/m³ yamanzi avelisiweyo. Oku kunyuka kwemfuno yamandla kubalelwa ikakhulu kwiimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezifunekayo ukoyisa uxinzelelo lweosmotic lwamanzi olwandle. Ngelixa ukuqhubela phambili kwizixhobo zokubuyisela amandla kunye netekhnoloji ye-membrane iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ze-SWRO kwiminyaka yakutshanje, zisafuna amandla angaphezulu kakhulu kunabo bamanzi amtyuba.

Ngaba iSityalo se-BWRO sinokuphuculwa ukuze siSetyenziselwe Amanzi olwandle?

Njengoko ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuba ngumba ocinezelayo okhulayo kwimimandla emininzi, umbuzo wokuba ingaba amanzi anebraki umva isityalo se-osmosis inokuphuculwa ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha amanzi olwandle inomdla okhulayo. Ngelixa kusenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukuguqula inkqubo ye-BWRO yokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle, imingeni emininzi ebalulekileyo kunye neengqwalasela kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

Imingeni yobuGcisa

Ukuphucula iplanti ye-BWRO ukuze kusetyenzwe ngamanzi olwandle kubandakanya ukoyisa imiqobo emininzi yobugcisa:

Umthamo woxinzelelo: Iinkqubo ze-BWRO zenzelwe uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza. Ukuguqulwa okubalulekileyo kwiimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho, kunye nezindlu ze-membrane ziya kuba yimfuneko ukumelana noxinzelelo olwandisiweyo olufunekayo ekukhutshweni kwamanzi olwandle.
Ukukhethwa kweMembrane: Iimbumba ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo ze-BWRO zilungiselelwe amanzi anebrackish kwaye zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle ngamanzi olwandle. Ukutshintsha oku ngamanzi olwandle e-membrane ye-RO kubalulekile ekukhupheni ityuwa okusebenzayo.
Iinkqubo zoNyango lwangaphambili: Amanzi olwandle anemigangatho ephezulu yezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyiweyo, izinto eziphilayo, kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zibe khona. Isixokelelwano sonyango lwangaphambili kuya kufuneka ukuba sandiswe kwaye siphuculwe ukuze sijongane nale miceli mngeni yemeko yamanzi esondlo.
Ukumelana nokuMhlwa: Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo ze-BWRO zisenokungaxhathisi ngokwaneleyo kumhlwa ukuze zibe sesichengeni ixesha elide kumanzi olwandle. Uphuculo lwezixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa kwinkqubo yonke iya kuba yimfuneko.

Iingqwalasela zoQoqosho

Ngelixa kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho ekuphuculeni iplanti ye-BWRO kusetyenziso lwamanzi olwandle kufuneka kuphononongwe ngononophelo:

IiNdleko zeNkunzi: Uhlengahlengiso olubanzi olufunekayo ekuphuculeni inkqubo ye-BWRO yokususa ityuwa emanzini olwandle lunokuba lukhulu, lunokufikeleleka kwiindleko zomzi-mveliso omtsha we-SWRO.
Ukucikideka kokuSebenza: Nokuba kuphuculwe, iplanti ye-BWRO eguquliweyo ayinakufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lokusebenza njengenkqubo eyakhelwe injongo ye-SWRO, ekhokelela kwiindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
Umthamo weZityalo: Inkqubo yoguqulo inokukhokelela ekuncitshisweni komthamo uwonke womatshini, njengoko iimfuno zoxinzelelo eziphezulu kunye neemfuno ezinzulu zonyango lwangaphambili zinokukhawulelana nemveliso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ukunyuswa kweemfuno zamandla okususwa kwetyuwa kumanzi olwandle kuya kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwiindleko zokusebenza, okunokuthi kuphelise nakuphi na ukongiwa kokulungiswa ngokutsha komzi-mveliso okhoyo.

Ukuqukumbela, nangona ukuphucula isityalo se-BWRO ukuze sisetyenziswe emanzini olwandle kunokwenzeka ngokwetekhnoloji, kuzisa imingeni emininzi kwaye kusenokungabi lula rhoqo ngokwezoqoqosho. amatyala, ukutyala imali kwinkqubo entsha ye-SWRO eyakhelwe injongo ethile kunokuba neendleko ezingcono kwaye kube nempumelelo ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwamanzi amdaka namanzi olwandle umva izixhobo ze-osmosis Kubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinolwazi kwiiprojekthi zonyango lwamanzi. Itekhnoloji nganye ineengenelo zayo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, eyenzelwe imingeni ethile yomgangatho wamanzi kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Njengoko ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuqhubeka kuyinkxalabo yehlabathi, ukhetho phakathi kweenkqubo ze-BWRO kunye ne-SWRO luya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekuqinisekiseni ukubonelelwa kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kuluntu nakumashishini kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe umva isityalo se-osmosis ubugcisa buya kuqhubeka busisicombululo esibalulekileyo ekujonganeni nale mingeni.

Ngaba ujonge izisombululo ze-reverse osmosis ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenzelwe iimfuno zakho zonyango lwamanzi? Sukujonga kude kune Guangdong Morui Environmental Technology Co., LtdSiziingcali ekunikezeni ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokunyanga amanzi, kuquka ukunyanga amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, ukunyanga amanzi amdaka asekhaya, ukukhupha ityuwa emanzini olwandle, kunye nokuvelisa amanzi okusela. Iqela lethu Iingcali zeenjineli kunye neengcali zikulungele ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe wena ezihlangabezana neemfuno zakho ezizodwa.

Ngesixhobo sethu sokuvelisa inwebu yanamhlanje kunye neefektri zokulungisa izixhobo, siqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka kuyo yonke inkqubo esiyivelisayo. Njengee-arhente ezigunyazisiweyo kwiimpawu ezikhokelayo kumacandelo okucoca amanzi, sinikezela ngezisombululo ezibanzi ezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye neziseko zakho ezikhoyo.

Ungavumeli imiceli mngeni yomgangatho wamanzi ikubambezele ishishini lakho. Qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje ku benson@guangdongmorui.com ukuxoxa ngendlela iinkqubo zethu eziphucukileyo ze-osmosis ezinokuziguqula njani iinkqubo zakho zokucocwa kwamanzi kwaye ziqhube impumelelo yakho.

Ucaphulo

1. Voutchkov, N. (2018). Ukucinywa kweeNdleko zeProjekthi kunye noLawulo. CRC Press.

2. Gude, VG (2016). Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa kunye nozinzo-Uvavanyo kunye nembono yangoku. Uphando lwamanzi, i-89, i-87-106.

3. Elimeleki, M., & Phillip, WA (2011). Ikamva lokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle: Amandla, iteknoloji, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Isayensi, 333 (6043), 712-717.

4. Ghaffour, N., Missimer, TM, & Amy, GL (2013). Uphononongo lobuchwephesha kunye novavanyo loqoqosho lokususwa kwetyuwa emanzini: Imingeni ekhoyo kunye neyexesha elizayo yozinzo olungcono lonikezelo lwamanzi. Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini, 309, 197-207.

5. Qasim, M., Badrelzaman, M., Darwish, NN, Darwish, NA, & Hilal, N. (2019). Reverse osmosis desalination: Uphononongo lwangoku. I-Desalination, i-459, i-59-104.

6. Shaffer, DL, Werber, JR, Jaramillo, H., Lin, S., & Elimelech, M. (2015). Forward osmosis:Siphi ngoku? Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini, 356, 271-284.